C#多线程基础知识汇总-C#/.NET开发

这篇文章主要介绍了C#多线程基础知识的相关资料，文中示例代码非常详细，帮助大家更好的理解和学习，感兴趣的朋友可以了解下

最近自己写了个小爬虫，里面用到了多线程技术，忽然发现对此技术竟然有些陌生了，于是乎开始疯狂的去问度娘，在此记录下来，以便自己和各位小伙伴们学习。

一、什么是线程

一个应用程序就相当于一个进程，进程拥有应用程序的所有资源进程包括线程，进程的资源被线程共享，但不拥有线程。我们可以打开电脑中的任务管理器，运行的.exe都是一个进程，里面的分支是线程。

二、多线程

多线程其实就是进程中一段并行运行的代码

1. 创建并启动线程


static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      var thread = new Thread(Test1);
      thread.Start();

      Console.WriteLine(threadId + "_Main()");
      Console.Read();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test1()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine(threadId + "_Test()");
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      {
        Console.WriteLine(threadId + "_" + i);
      }
    }


static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      var thread = new Thread(Test1);
      thread.Start();
      Console.WriteLine($"主线程Id{threadId}_Main()");
      Console.Read();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test1()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_Test()");
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      {
        Thread.Sleep(1000);//单位毫秒
        Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_{DateTime.Now}");
      }
    }

结果：


static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      var thread = new Thread(Test1);
      thread.Start();
      Console.WriteLine($"主线程Id{threadId}_Main()1");
      thread.Join();
      Console.WriteLine($"主线程Id{threadId}_Main()2");
      Console.Read();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test1()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_Test()");
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      {
        Thread.Sleep(1000);//单位毫秒
        Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_{DateTime.Now}");
      }
    }

结果：


static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      var thread = new Thread(Test1);
      thread.Start();
      Console.WriteLine($"主线程Id{threadId}_Main()1");
      Thread.Sleep(3000);
      thread.Abort();
      Console.WriteLine($"主线程Id{threadId}_Main()2");
      Console.Read();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test1()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_Test()");
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      {
        Thread.Sleep(1000);//单位毫秒
        Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_{DateTime.Now}");
      }
    }

结果：


static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine($"主线程Id{threadId}_Main()");
      //第一种参数传递方式
      var thread1 = new Thread(() => Test1("小魔王"));
      thread1.Start();

      //第二种参数传递方式(参数只能是一个，object类型)
      var parameterizedThreadStart = new ParameterizedThreadStart(Test2);
      var thread2 = new Thread(parameterizedThreadStart);
      thread2.Start("大魔王");
      Console.Read();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test1(string name)
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_我的名字叫：{name}");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test2(object name)
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_我的名字叫：{name}");
    }

结果：


public static int i = 1000000;
    static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
      {
        var thread = new Thread(Test1);
        thread.Start();
      }
      Console.Read();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 测试方法
    /// </summary>
    private static void Test1()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;

      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_i初始值：{i}");
      int count = 0;
      for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++)
      {
        i--;
        count++;
      }
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_运行次数：{count}");
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_i结束值：{i}");
    }

结果：


public static int i = 1000000;
    private readonly static object objLock = new object();
    static void Main()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
      for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
      {
        var thread = new Thread(Test1);
        thread.Start();
      }
      Console.Read();
    }

    private static void Test1()
    {
      //获取线程Id
      var threadId = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;

      int count = 0;
      lock (objLock)
      {
        Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_i初始值：{i}");
        for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++)
        {
          i--;
          count++;
        }
      }
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_运行次数：{count}");
      Console.WriteLine($"辅线程Id{threadId}_i结束值：{i}");
    }

结果：