详解 C# 中XML对象的序列化和反序列化

public class XMLUtil
{
    /// <summary>
    /// XML & Datacontract Serialize & Deserialize Helper
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="serialObject"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string Serializer<T>(T serialObject) where T : class
    {
        try
        {
            XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
            System.IO.MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream();
            XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(mem, Encoding.UTF8);
            ser.Serialize(writer, serialObject);
            writer.Close();
 
            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(mem.ToArray());
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
 
    public static T Deserialize<T>(string str) where T : class
    {
        try
        {
            XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
            StreamReader mem2 = new StreamReader(
                    new MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str)),
                    System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
 
            return (T)mySerializer.Deserialize(mem2);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
    
}

　　微软为我们提供的XmlSerializer这个类就为我们提供了这个可能，在序列化的过程中我们需要注意下面的情况，所有的属性必须是可序列化的对象，像BitmapImage、SolidColorBrush等这些对象都是不能够进行序列化的对象，如果用上面的方法进行序列化时将返回null，正确的方式是在这些字段上面加上[XmlIgnore]说明，从而在进行序列化时候跳过这些对象，就像下面的方式。

/// <summary>
///背景颜色
/// </summary>
private SolidColorBrush _BackgroundColor;
[XmlIgnore]
public SolidColorBrush BackgroundColor
{
    get
    {
        return _BackgroundColor;
    }
    set
    {
        if (value != _BackgroundColor)
        {
            _BackgroundColor = value;
            OnPropertyChanged("BackgroundColor");
        }
    }
}

　　那么像上面的这个SolidColorBrush对象该怎样去进行序列化呢，这里我们选择将当前颜色的ARGB值保存在一个byte数组中，从而在反序列化的时候通过Color.FromArgb的方式进行还原，就像下面的方式。

byte[] colorByte=savedModel.ConfigurationBaseModel.BackgroundColorArgb;
    Color backColor=Color.FromArgb(colorByte[0],colorByte[1],colorByte[2],colorByte[3]);
    sourceBaseModel.BackgroundColor = new SolidColorBrush(backColor);

　　那么这个对象在进行序列化的时候该怎么进行保存呢？同样的原理我们可以通过下面的方式。

/// <summary>
///背景颜色
/// </summary>
private SolidColorBrush _BackgroundColor;
[XmlIgnore]
public SolidColorBrush BackgroundColor
{
    get
    {
        return _BackgroundColor;
    }
    set
    {
        if (value != _BackgroundColor)
        {
            _BackgroundColor = value;
            OnPropertyChanged("BackgroundColor");
        }
    }
}
 
/// <summary>
///背景颜色ARGB
/// </summary>
private byte[] _BackgroundColorArgb=new byte[4];
[XmlArray("argb"),XmlArrayItem("value")]
public byte[] BackgroundColorArgb
{
    get
    {
        if (null != _BackgroundColor)
        {
            Color color = _BackgroundColor.Color;
            _BackgroundColorArgb[0] = color.A;
            _BackgroundColorArgb[1] = color.R;
            _BackgroundColorArgb[2] = color.G;
            _BackgroundColorArgb[3] = color.B;
        }
        return _BackgroundColorArgb;
    }
    set
    {
        if (value != _BackgroundColorArgb)
        {
            _BackgroundColorArgb = value;
            OnPropertyChanged("BackgroundColorArgb");
        }
     
    }
}

　　这里在实际的使用中发现，就像byte数组必须通过[XmlArray("argb"),XmlArrayItem("value")] 这类型的标识来将其分类，在将其序列化完毕以后，我们可以看看这个BackgroundColorArgb字段最终是通过怎样的方式来保存的？   

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
  
namespace UseXmlSerialization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明一个猫咪对象
            var cWhite = new Cat { Color = "White", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
            var cBlack = new Cat { Color = "Black", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
  
            CatCollection cc = new CatCollection { Cats = new Cat[] { cWhite,cBlack} };
  
            //序列化这个对象
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(CatCollection));
  
            //将对象序列化输出到控制台
            serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, cc);
  
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
  
    [XmlRoot("cats")]
    public class CatCollection
    {
        [XmlArray("items"),XmlArrayItem("item")]
        public Cat[] Cats { get; set; }
    }
  
    [XmlRoot("cat")]
    public class Cat
    {
        //定义Color属性的序列化为cat节点的属性
        [XmlAttribute("color")]
        public string Color { get; set; }
  
        //要求不序列化Speed属性
        [XmlIgnore]
        public int Speed { get; set; }
  
        //设置Saying属性序列化为Xml子元素
        [XmlElement("saying")]
        public string Saying { get; set; }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<cats xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <items>
    <item color="White">
      <saying>White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat</saying>
    </item>
    <item color="Black">
      <saying>White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat</saying>
    </item>
  </items>
</cats>